Model S 的感应电机研究

pat

占楼准备聊一聊感应电机的仿真分析

hahafu

坐小板凳等大神开讲

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简单人机

跟在大佬后面学习学习

5月13日

坐等大神开讲，围观学习

raozhimeng

我这里也有一个特斯拉异步电机的 基于MotorCAD做的

yanjing_149

为什么感应电机，效率差，这么牛逼的特斯拉还要用？

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Dr.Lu

yanjing_149 发表于 2021-09-25 16:46
为什么感应电机，效率差，这么牛逼的特斯拉还要用？

空转的时候损耗小，双电机的车最好一个永磁一个感应。

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欧阳庆

yanjing_149 发表于 2021-9-25 16:46
为什么感应电机，效率差，这么牛逼的特斯拉还要用？

特斯拉的车用感应电机效率会很差吗？谁说感应电机的效率一定是差？

pat

raozhimeng 发表于 2021-9-25 14:36
我这里也有一个特斯拉异步电机的 基于MotorCAD做的

现在网上流传的design好多，但是拆解的S是转子70槽的。

pat

Model 3也是70槽


到了Model Y换成铸铝的了，具体多少槽，有没有斜槽就不知道了

raozhimeng

pat 发表于 2021-9-26 00:03
Model 3也是70槽

来 能不能把案例分享出来

wszls1000

yanjing_149 发表于 2021-9-25 16:46
为什么感应电机，效率差，这么牛逼的特斯拉还要用？

感应电机短时过载能力高，爆发力强，其次采用铜转子后，其工况效率并不低

wszls1000

Model3异步电机（4极）：
定子外径：232mm（包含过油孔）
定子内径：134.97mm
槽数：48
绕组参数：0.75漆包线*6匝2路20根并绕
相电阻：20.67毫欧（常温）
转子外径：133.55mm
转子内径：42mm
槽数：70
类型：铸铝
端环高：24.5mm
端环宽：15.5mm(平均值)

5月13日

wszls1000 发表于 2021-9-26 22:04
Model3异步电机（4极）：
定子外径：232mm（包含过油孔）
定子内径：134.97mm

冲片cad模型可以共享吗？
谢谢！

5月13日

raozhimeng 发表于 2021-9-26 18:09
来 能不能把案例分享出来

打开看了，的确是你前面截图的；
文件名字不对。

yupoo

最近也在对比感应电机和永磁电机 ，感觉感应电机除了转子铜耗大点，其他的还不错哦啊

pat

wszls1000 发表于 2021-9-26 22:04
Model3异步电机（4极）：
定子外径：232mm（包含过油孔）
定子内径：134.97mm

Model 3还是铜条的吧？

zmh169

感应电机由于定子电流有一部分励磁分量，所以和相同功率的永磁同步电机相比，相电流会更大，铜损占比也会更高，更大的相电流进而导致逆变器需要更大容量的功率器件。感应电机的功率因数往往比永磁同步电机的小，但不代表效率也低，增加导线截面积、改用铜条转子，减小铜损之后效率也可以做到和永磁同步电机接近。

WEZDAH

请问各位老师：
新能源汽车牵引电机厂家为何只宣传电机的效率而只字不提电机的功率因数大小？难道电机的功率因数在车辆的运行中不起任何作用？？？
请大家不惜赐教。谢谢！！！

pat

raozhimeng 发表于 2021-9-26 18:09
来 能不能把案例分享出来

我用RM调整了一下，感觉这样更合理：

             Three-Phase Induction Machine Design

                      File: Setup1.res

     GENERAL DATA

Given Output Power (kW):        125
Rated Voltage (V):        230
Winding Connection:        Wye
Number of Poles:        6
Given Speed (rpm):        8275
Frequency (Hz):        425
Stray Loss (W):        1250
Frictional Loss (W):        64.7902
Windage Loss (W):        130.547
Operation Mode:        Motor
Type of Load:        Constant Power
Operating Temperature (C):        75

     STATOR DATA

Number of Stator Slots:        72
Outer Diameter of Stator (mm):          250
Inner Diameter of Stator (mm):          175
Type of Stator Slot:        3
Stator Slot       
            hs0 (mm):          1
            hs1 (mm):          0.738
            hs2 (mm):          16.262
            bs0 (mm):          3
            bs1 (mm):          4.79
            bs2 (mm):          6.204
            rs (mm):          1

Top Tooth Width (mm):          2.99845
Bottom Tooth Width (mm):          3.00447

Length of Stator Core (mm):          120
Stacking Factor of Stator Core:        0.97
Type of Steel:        M270_35A1
Number of lamination sectors        0
Press board thickness (mm):          0
Magnetic press board        No
Number of Parallel Branches:        2
Number of Layers:        1
Winding Type:        Whole Coiled
Coil Pitch:        11
Number of Conductors per Slot:        2
Number of Wires per Conductor:        30
Wire Diameter (mm):        0.95
Wire Wrap Thickness (mm):        0.08

Wedge Thickness (mm):        1
Slot Liner Thickness (mm):        0.25
Layer Insulation (mm):        0
Slot Area (mm^2):        101.042
Net Slot Area (mm^2):        81.6587

Slot Fill Factor (%):        77.9513
Limited Slot Fill Factor (%):        80
Wire Resistivity (ohm.mm^2/m):        0.0217
Conductor Length Adjustment (mm):          10
End Length Correction Factor        1
End Leakage Reactance Correction Factor        1

     ROTOR DATA

Number of Rotor Slots:        84
Air Gap (mm):          0.5
Inner Diameter of Rotor (mm):          55
Type of Rotor Slot:        4
Rotor Slot       
            hs0 (mm):          1
            hs01 (mm):          1
            hs1 (mm):          1.2
            hs2 (mm):          19.5
            bs0 (mm):          0.443
            bs1 (mm):          2.843
            bs2 (mm):          1.473
            rs (mm):          0.5

Cast Rotor:        Yes
Half Slot:        No

Length of Rotor (mm):          120
Stacking Factor of Rotor Core:        0.97
Type of Steel:        M350-50A1
Skew Width:        0
End Length of Bar (mm):          0
Height of End Ring (mm):          20
Width of End Ring (mm):          20
Resistivity of Rotor Bar       
  at 75 Centigrade (ohm.mm^2/m):        0.0168
Resistivity of Rotor Ring       
  at 75 Centigrade (ohm.mm^2/m):        0.0168
Magnetic Shaft:        No

     MATERIAL CONSUMPTION

Armature Copper Density (kg/m^3):          8900
Rotor Bar Material Density (kg/m^3):          8933
Rotor Ring Material Density (kg/m^3):          8933
Armature Core Steel Density (kg/m^3):          7650
Rotor Core Steel Density (kg/m^3):          7650

Armature Copper Weight (kg):          7.13411
Rotor Bar Material Weight (kg):          4.09737
Rotor Ring Material Weight (kg):          3.41256
Armature Core Steel Weight (kg):          15.8142
Rotor Core Steel Weight (kg):          15.6548
Total Net Weight (kg):          46.113

Armature Core Steel Consumption (kg):          56.9975
Rotor Core Steel Consumption (kg):          27.8972

     RATED-LOAD OPERATION

Stator Resistance R1 (ohm):        0.00320562
Stator Resistance at 20C (ohm):        0.00263688
Stator Leakage Reactance X1 (ohm):        0.03674
  Slot Leakage Reactance Xs1 (ohm):        0.0168214
  End Leakage Reactance Xe1 (ohm):        0.0170307
  Harmonic Leakage Reactance Xd1 (ohm):        0.00288793
Rotor Resistance R2 (ohm):        0.00101605
Rotor Leakage Reactance X2 (ohm):        0.0616297
Resistance Corresponding to       
  Iron-Core Loss Rfe (ohm):        25.4604
Magnetizing Reactance Xm (ohm):        0.691052

Stator Phase Current (A):        420.92
Current Corresponding to       
  Iron-Core Loss (A):        4.80711
Magnetizing Current (A):        177.108
Rotor Phase Current (A):        347.74

Copper Loss of Stator Winding (W):        1703.85
Copper Loss of Rotor Winding (W):        368.591
Iron-Core Loss (W):        1765.04
Frictional and Windage Loss (W):        206.604
Stray Loss (W):        1251.33
Total Loss (W):        5295.42
Input Power (kW):        130.428
Output Power (kW):        125.133

Mechanical Shaft Torque (N.m):        140.994
Efficiency (%):        95.94
Power Factor:        0.770366
Rated Slip:        0.00293212
Rated Shaft Speed (rpm):        8475.08

     NO-LOAD OPERATION

No-Load Stator Resistance (ohm):        0.00320562
No-Load Stator Leakage Reactance (ohm):        0.0367754
No-Load Rotor Resistance (ohm):        0.00101552
No-Load Rotor Leakage Reactance (ohm):        0.457284

No-Load Stator Phase Current (A):        182.512
No-Load Iron-Core Loss (W):        1872.54
No-Load Input Power (W):        2462.35
No-Load Power Factor:        0.0338582
No-Load Slip:        5.72679e-06
No-Load Shaft Speed (rpm):        8499.95

     BREAK-DOWN OPERATION

Break-Down Slip:        0.018
Break-Down Torque (N.m):        401.361
Break-Down Torque Ratio:        2.84666
Break-Down Phase Current (A):        1509.18

     LOCKED-ROTOR OPERATION

Locked-Rotor Torque (N.m):        110.717
Locked-Rotor Phase Current (A):        2841.81
Locked-Rotor Torque Ratio:        0.785262
Locked-Rotor Current Ratio:        6.75143

Locked-Rotor Stator Resistance (ohm):        0.00320562
Locked-Rotor Stator       
  Leakage Reactance (ohm):        0.0339829
Locked-Rotor Rotor Resistance (ohm):        0.00421899
Locked-Rotor Rotor       
  Leakage Reactance (ohm):        0.0123706

     DETAILED DATA AT RATED OPERATION

Stator Slot Leakage Reactance (ohm):        0.0168214
Stator End-Winding Leakage       
  Reactance (ohm):        0.0170307
Stator Differential Leakage       
  Reactance (ohm):        0.00288793
Rotor Slot Leakage Reactance (ohm):        0.0551067
Rotor End-Winding Leakage       
  Reactance (ohm):        0.00337458
Rotor Differential Leakage       
  Reactance (ohm):        0.0031472
Skewing Leakage Reactance (ohm):        0

Stator Winding Factor:        0.957662

Stator-Teeth Flux Density (Tesla):        1.95915
Rotor-Teeth Flux Density (Tesla):        1.45853
Stator-Yoke Flux Density (Tesla):        1.35752
Rotor-Yoke Flux Density (Tesla):        0.682383
Air-Gap Flux Density (Tesla):        0.746995

Stator-Teeth Ampere Turns (A.T):        424.819
Rotor-Teeth Ampere Turns (A.T):        18.2426
Stator-Yoke Ampere Turns (A.T):        12.6951
Rotor-Yoke Ampere Turns (A.T):        1.37581
Air-Gap Ampere Turns (A.T):        406.454

Correction Factor for Magnetic       
  Circuit Length of Stator Yoke:        0.457649
Correction Factor for Magnetic       
  Circuit Length of Rotor Yoke:        0.7
Saturation Factor for Teeth:        2.09007
Saturation Factor for Teeth & Yoke:        2.12469
Induced-Voltage Factor:        0.921684

Stator Current Density (A/mm^2):        9.89718
Specific Electric Loading (A/mm):        55.1245
Stator Thermal Load (A^2/mm^3):        545.577

Rotor Bar Current Density (A/mm^2):        6.27298
Rotor Ring Current Density (A/mm^2):        3.18677

Half-Turn Length of       
  Stator Winding (mm):          261.775

     WINDING ARRANGEMENT

The 3-phase, 1-layer winding can be arranged in 24 slots as below:

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Angle per slot (elec. degrees):        15
Phase-A axis (elec. degrees):        112.5
First slot center (elec. degrees):        0



     TRANSIENT FEA INPUT DATA

For one phase of the Stator Winding:
  Number of Turns:        24
  Parallel Branches:        2
  Terminal Resistance (ohm):        0.00320562
  End Leakage Inductance (H):        6.3777e-06
For Rotor End Ring Between Two Bars of One Side:
  Equivalent Ring Resistance (ohm):        2.38761e-07
  Equivalent Ring Inductance (H):        1.67939e-09
2D Equivalent Value:
  Equivalent Model Depth (mm):        120
  Equivalent Stator Stacking Factor:        0.97
  Equivalent Rotor Stacking Factor:        0.97