【走进科学】电机效率死都提不上去的原因是什么？？

shalwii

1）求助！下列数据为永磁同步发电机在RMxprt中的电磁设计清单，请大神们帮忙看看
2）顺便讨论一下：设计电机除看效率以外，还有什么设计指标来评价所设计电机的性能，即电机设计的好不好？

电机小白，请大神们轻拍，感谢。



额定电流2.1A,额定转矩11NM。

PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR DESIGN

                      File: Setup1.res


     GENERAL DATA

Rated Output Power (kW):        0.208
Rated Power Factor:        0.9
Power Factor Type:        Inductive
Rated Voltage (V):        63.7
Number of Poles:        16
Frequency (Hz):        26.6667
Frictional Loss (W):        2
Windage Loss (W):        2
Rotor Position:        Inner
Operating Temperature (C):        75
Type of Circuit:        Y3
Operation Type:        Individual Machine
Domain:        Time


     STATOR DATA

Number of Stator Slots:        90
Outer Diameter of Stator (mm):          197
Inner Diameter of Stator (mm):          162

Type of Stator Slot:        2
Stator Slot       
            hs0 (mm):          1
            hs1 (mm):          2.6
            hs2 (mm):          5
            bs0 (mm):          0.8
            bs1 (mm):          2.3
            bs2 (mm):          2.6
Top Tooth Width (mm):          3.60633
Bottom Tooth Width (mm):          3.6555
Skew Width (Number of Slots):        0

Length of Stator Core (mm):          250
Stacking Factor of Stator Core:        0.95
Type of Steel:        D23_50
Designed Wedge Thickness (mm):          2.49204
Slot Insulation Thickness (mm):          0.2
Layer Insulation Thickness (mm):          0.2
End Length Adjustment (mm):          2
Number of Parallel Branches:        2
Number of Conductors per Slot:        8
Type of Coils:        21
Average Coil Pitch:        6
Number of Wires per Conductor:        19
Wire Diameter (mm):          0.19
Wire Wrap Thickness (mm):          0.05
Slot Area (mm^2):        19.7346
Net Slot Area (mm^2):        10.9818
Limited Slot Fill Factor (%):        80
Stator Slot Fill Factor (%):        79.7243
Coil Half-Turn Length (mm):          300.178


     ROTOR DATA

Minimum Air Gap (mm):          1
Inner Diameter (mm):          132
Length of Rotor (mm):          250
Stacking Factor of Iron Core:        0.95
Type of Steel:        D23_50
Polar Arc Radius (mm):          80
Mechanical Pole Embrace:        0.8
Electrical Pole Embrace:        0.788473
Max. Thickness of Magnet (mm):          6
Width of Magnet (mm):          24.1903
Type of Magnet:        NdFe35
Type of Rotor:        1
Magnetic Shaft:        Yes


     PERMANENT MAGNET DATA

Residual Flux Density (Tesla):        1.23
Coercive Force (kA/m):        890
Maximum Energy Density (kJ/m^3):        273.675
Relative Recoil Permeability:        1.09981
Demagnetized Flux Density (Tesla):        0.877081
Recoil Residual Flux Density (Tesla):        1.23
Recoil Coercive Force (kA/m):        890

     MATERIAL CONSUMPTION

Armature Copper Density (kg/m^3):          8900
Permanent Magnet Density (kg/m^3):          7400
Armature Core Steel Density (kg/m^3):          7820
Rotor Core Steel Density (kg/m^3):          7820

Armature Copper Weight (kg):          1.03622
Permanent Magnet Weight (kg):          4.29619
Armature Core Steel Weight (kg):          15.0296
Rotor Core Steel Weight (kg):          6.53489
Total Net Weight (kg):          26.8969

Armature Core Steel Consumption (kg):          41.0306
Rotor Core Steel Consumption (kg):          33.2594


     STEADY STATE PARAMETERS

Stator Winding Factor:        0.949891
D-Axis Reactive Reactance Xad (ohm):        0.0590953
Q-Axis Reactive Reactance Xaq (ohm):        0.0590953
D-Axis Reactance X1+Xad (ohm):        0.166857
Q-Axis Reactance X1+Xaq (ohm):        0.166857
Armature Leakage Reactance X1 (ohm):        0.107761
Zero-Sequence Reactance X0 (ohm):        0.0922098
Armature Phase Resistance R1 (ohm):        0.725502
Armature Phase Resistance at 20C (ohm):        0.596784


     NO-LOAD MAGNETIC DATA

Stator-Teeth Flux Density (Tesla):        1.60463
Stator-Yoke Flux Density (Tesla):        1.60831
Rotor-Yoke Flux Density (Tesla):        1.61501
Air-Gap Flux Density (Tesla):        0.971015
Magnet Flux Density (Tesla):        1.02963

Stator-Teeth By-Pass Factor:        0.0022773
Stator-Yoke By-Pass Factor:        0.000179449
Rotor-Yoke By-Pass Factor:        0.0001842

Stator-Teeth Ampere Turns (A.T):        30.6115
Stator-Yoke Ampere Turns (A.T):        22.5381
Rotor-Yoke Ampere Turns (A.T):        17.363
Air-Gap Ampere Turns (A.T):        799.75
Magnet Ampere Turns (A.T):        -869.901

Leakage-Flux Factor:        1
Correction Factor for Magnetic
  Circuit Length of Stator Yoke:        0.301447
Correction Factor for Magnetic
  Circuit Length of Roor Yoke:        0.298015

Fundamental Induced RMS Line Voltage (V):        68.7653
THD of Induced Voltage (%):        0.590333
Cogging Torque (N.m):        0.0467789


     FULL-LOAD DATA

Load Resistance (ohm):        15.8007
Load Inductance (H):        0.0456732
Load Line Voltage (V):        66.0338

RMS Line Current (A):        2.16414
RMS Phase Current (A):        2.16414
RMS Phase Voltage (V):        38.3999
Armature Thermal Load (A^2/mm^3):        3.07487
Specific Electric Loading (A/mm):        1.53081
Armature Current Density (A/mm^2):        2.00865
Frictional and Windage Loss (W):        4
Iron-Core Loss (W):        35.0628
Armature Copper Loss (W):        10.1936
Total Loss (W):        49.2564
Output Power (W):        187.903
Input Power (W):        237.159
Efficiency (%):        79.2307

Apparent Power (VA):        249.308
Power Factor:        0.753699

Synchronous Speed (rpm):        200
Rated Torque (N.m):        11.3235

Short Circuit Current (A):        53.1975


     WINDING ARRANGEMENT

The 3-phase, 2-layer winding can be arranged in 45 slots as below:

AAZZBBXXCCYYAAZBBXXCCYYAAZZBBXCCYYAAZZBBXXCCY


Angle per slot (elec. degrees):        32
Phase-A axis (elec. degrees):        124
First slot center (elec. degrees):        0



     TRANSIENT FEA INPUT DATA

For Armature Winding:
  Number of Turns:        120
  Parallel Branches:        2
  Terminal Resistance (ohm):        0.725502
  End Leakage Inductance (H):        1.25259e-005
2D Equivalent Value:
  Equivalent Model Depth (mm):        250
  Equivalent Stator Stacking Factor:        0.95
  Equivalent Rotor Stacking Factor:        0.95
  Equivalent Br (Tesla):        1.23
  Equivalent Hc (kA/m):        890
Estimated Rotor Inertia (kg m^2):        0.125463

zptonghua

Inner Diameter (mm):          132
Length of Rotor (mm):          250
你这铁芯设计的不合理 这个尺寸大了
Armature Thermal Load (A^2/mm^3):        3.07487
热负荷太低，材料利用率低

Nephology

Air-Gap Flux Density (Tesla):        0.971015
气隙磁密有点太高了

开关磁阻

被标题吸引了。。。

shalwii

zptonghua 发表于 2016-12-20 22:25
Inner Diameter (mm):          132
Length of Rotor (mm):          250
你这铁芯设计的不合理 这个尺寸 ...

照你说的改了下。热负荷最多能提到8，功率也卡在80%左右，怎么进一步提高热负荷呢？

shalwii

Nephology 发表于 2016-12-21 08:16
Air-Gap Flux Density (Tesla):        0.971015
气隙磁密有点太高了

改了一下。提高了热负荷，降了气隙磁密，效率还是最多就80%。
请问还有什么可以改进的地方吗？

fer88

加大气隙增加绕组匝数试试，

nasa123

Iron loss佔總功率的15％
改鐵芯型狀降鐵芯上的磁通密度、改鐵芯材料  是比較快的做法

xiangzi84

200多瓦的电机，外径做190，叠厚做250？定子槽数还90槽。。。。