直流电路的计算公式
欧姆
定
律 1、无源支路:http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026405794.gif
式中:U----支路端电压(V)
------I----支路电流(A)
------R----支路电阻(Ω)
------±---U与I同向取+号,否则取-号
图Ahttp://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026402805.gif ,图Bhttp://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026406431.gif
http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026402110.gif欧
姆
定
律 2、有源支路http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026406634.gif
式中:E----支路电动势(V)U、I、R与无源支路同
-----±U与I向、E与I同向取+号,否则取一号
图Ahttp://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026402206.gif 。图Bhttp://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026401805.gif http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026404717.gif欧
姆
定
律 3、全电路http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026417556.gif
式中:E1、E2--回路电动势(V)
------I-------回路电流(A)
------ΣR-----回路电子之和(Ω)
------±------E1、E2与I同向取+否则取-号
http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026418618.gif http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026413603.gif导
体
电
阻 http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026417405.gif(Ω)式中:R---导体直流电阻(Ω)
------ι--导体长度(M)
------S---导体载面积(CMhttp://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026414238.gif)
------ρ--导体电阻率(Ω.CMhttp://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026414238.gif/M) http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026402206.gif导
体
电
阻
与
温
度
关
系 http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026414741.gif(Ω)
式中:http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026418037.gif---导体t℃时的电阻(Ω)
------http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026417122.gif---导体20℃时的电阻(Ω)
-------a----导体的电阻温度系数(1/℃)
-------t----温度(℃) 电
导
与
电
导
率 http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026415596.gif
式中:G---电导(S)
------http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026415247.gif---电导率(A)
------http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026413929.gif---电阻率(S)
功率 http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026411247.gif
式中:P--功率(W)
------U--电压(V)
------I--电流(A)
------R--电阻(Ω
I不变(电阻串联)时,P与R成正比
U不变(电阻并联)时,P与R成反比 电
阻
串
、
并
、
复
联 串联:电阻:http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026416850.gif 电导:http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026411431.gif当http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026417155.gif=0时,R2上的分电压http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026417219.gif式中:Uab--ab两端端电压 http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026417027.gif--分压比 http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026417631.gif电
阻
串
、
并
、
复
联 并联 电阻:http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026418181.gif电导:http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026414650.gif当http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026415537.gif=00时,R2上的分电流:http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026416850.gif式中:Iab---流经ab的端电流http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026417680.gif分流比 http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026414177.gif电
阻
串
、
并
、
复
联 复联 电阻:http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026412831.gif电导:http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026414506.gif http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026413673.gif电容器串、并、复联 串联:http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026418507.gif当n个相待的C0串联时http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026415955.gif 当C3被短路时,C2上的分电压http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026418711.gif式中:Uab----ab两端端电压http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026427238.gif电容分压比 http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026427458.gif电容器串、并、复联 并联:http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026429187.gif
当n个相同等的CO并联时C=nco http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026424025.gif电容器串、并、复联 并联:http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026429187.gif
当n个相同等的CO并联时C=nco http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026424439.gif屏蔽线圈串、并联的等效电感 串联http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026425119.gif http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026429568.gif屏蔽线圈串、并联的等效电感 并联http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026425193.gif http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026424488.gif电池串、并联 串联 E=E1+E2+En ------I=I1+I2+In
r1、r2分别为电池的内阻当n个电池的电动势均为E0,内阻均为r0http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026427163.gif http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026425333.gif电池串、并联 串联http://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026427112.gifhttp://www.jd37.com/upfiles/20097/2009741026423458.gifr1、r2分别为电池的内阻。每个电池的电动势和内阻必须相等才能并联,否则电池之间产生电流,消耗能量。直流电路的计算公式 来源:机电网
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