一个BLDC仿真结果与实际电机数据不符，求助各位大神。问题出在哪里可以帮我看看。
以下是基于RMxprt我自己做的一个BLDC的仿真，电机的原始数据为48V 、60W、8P、12槽、4000RPM 、0.145NM、1.6A、反电动势系数6.35Vrms/kRPM、电阻1.8Ω、电感1.9mH，
但我的仿真结果如下，效率很低，铜耗较高，问题出在哪里，而且额定转速也不正确，有哪位大神可以帮我看看。谢谢。
BRUSHLESS PERMANENT MAGNET DC MOTOR DESIGN
File: Setup1.res
GENERAL DATA
Rated Output Power (kW): 0.06
Rated Voltage (V): 48
Number of Poles: 8
Given Rated Speed (rpm): 4000
Frictional Loss (W): 7
Windage Loss (W): 0
Rotor Position: Inner
Type of Load: Constant Power
Type of Circuit: L3
Lead Angle of Trigger in Elec. Degrees: 0
Trigger Pulse Width in Elec. Degrees: 120
One-Transistor Voltage Drop (V): 0
One-Diode Voltage Drop (V): 0
Operating Temperature (C): 75
Maximum Current for CCC (A): 0
Minimum Current for CCC (A): 0
STATOR DATA
Number of Stator Slots: 12
Outer Diameter of Stator (mm): 56
Inner Diameter of Stator (mm): 30
Type of Stator Slot: 3
Stator Slot
hs0 (mm): 1
hs1 (mm): 2.15
hs2 (mm): 6.4
bs0 (mm): 2.52
bs1 (mm): 6.22
bs2 (mm): 9.72
rs (mm): 0.65
Top Tooth Width (mm): 3.35963
Bottom Tooth Width (mm): 3.29177
Skew Width (Number of Slots) 0
Length of Stator Core (mm): 28
Stacking Factor of Stator Core: 0.95
Type of Steel: D23_50
Designed Wedge Thickness (mm): 2.15
Slot Insulation Thickness (mm): 0
Layer Insulation Thickness (mm): 0
End Length Adjustment (mm): 0
Number of Parallel Branches: 4
Number of Conductors per Slot: 454
Type of Coils: 21
Average Coil Pitch: 1
Number of Wires per Conductor: 1
Wire Diameter (mm): 0.19
Wire Wrap Thickness (mm): 0.04
Slot Area (mm^2): 69.0602
Net Slot Area (mm^2): 57.1447
Limited Slot Fill Factor (%): 75
Stator Slot Fill Factor (%): 42.0277
Coil Half-Turn Length (mm): 41.0961
ROTOR DATA
Minimum Air Gap (mm): 0.5
Inner Diameter (mm): 8
Length of Rotor (mm): 28
Stacking Factor of Iron Core: 0.95
Type of Steel: D23_50
Polar Arc Radius (mm): 14.5
Mechanical Pole Embrace: 0.9
Electrical Pole Embrace: 0.856917
Max. Thickness of Magnet (mm): 2.75
Width of Magnet (mm): 9.27752
Type of Magnet: NdFe35
Type of Rotor: 1
Magnetic Shaft: No
PERMANENT MAGNET DATA
Residual Flux Density (Tesla): 1.23
Coercive Force (kA/m): 890
Maximum Energy Density (kJ/m^3): 273.675
Relative Recoil Permeability: 1.09981
Demagnetized Flux Density (Tesla): 0.88624
Recoil Residual Flux Density (Tesla): 1.23
Recoil Coercive Force (kA/m): 890
MATERIAL CONSUMPTION
Armature Copper Density (kg/m^3): 8900
Permanent Magnet Density (kg/m^3): 7400
Armature Core Steel Density (kg/m^3): 7820
Rotor Core Steel Density (kg/m^3): 7820
Armature Copper Weight (kg): 0.0564969
Permanent Magnet Weight (kg): 0.0422906
Armature Core Steel Weight (kg): 0.192916
Rotor Core Steel Weight (kg): 0.0797665
Total Net Weight (kg): 0.37147
Armature Core Steel Consumption (kg): 0.609362
Rotor Core Steel Consumption (kg): 0.114728
STEADY STATE PARAMETERS
Stator Winding Factor: 0.866025
D-Axis Reactive Inductance Lad (H): 0.000636432
Q-Axis Reactive Inductance Laq (H): 0.000636432
D-Axis Inductance L1+Lad(H): 0.00288636
Q-Axis Inductance L1+Laq(H): 0.00288636
Armature Leakage Inductance L1 (H): 0.00224993
Zero-Sequence Inductance L0 (H): 0.000258732
Armature Phase Resistance R1 (ohm): 3.56992
Armature Phase Resistance at 20C (ohm): 2.93655
D-Axis Time Constant (s): 0.000178276
Q-Axis Time Constant (s): 0.000178276
Ideal Back-EMF Constant KE (Vs/rad): 0.151202
Start Torque Constant KT (Nm/A): 0.149694
Rated Torque Constant KT (Nm/A): 0.129209
NO-LOAD MAGNETIC DATA
Stator-Teeth Flux Density (Tesla): 2.01548
Stator-Yoke Flux Density (Tesla): 1.42623
Rotor-Yoke Flux Density (Tesla): 0.555156
Air-Gap Flux Density (Tesla): 0.781827
Magnet Flux Density (Tesla): 0.925428
Stator-Teeth By-Pass Factor: 0.036558
Stator-Yoke By-Pass Factor: 6.87595e-005
Rotor-Yoke By-Pass Factor: 2.0285e-005
Stator-Teeth Ampere Turns (A.T): 204.274
Stator-Yoke Ampere Turns (A.T): 5.14705
Rotor-Yoke Ampere Turns (A.T): 0.413689
Air-Gap Ampere Turns (A.T): 396.433
Magnet Ampere Turns (A.T): -606.049
Armature Reactive Ampere Turns
at Start Operation (A.T): 146.115
Leakage-Flux Factor: 1
Correction Factor for Magnetic
Circuit Length of Stator Yoke: 0.350499
Correction Factor for Magnetic
Circuit Length of Rotor Yoke: 0.785806
No-Load Speed (rpm): 3056.65
Cogging Torque (N.m): 0.213669
FULL-LOAD DATA
Average Input Current (A): 1.78035
Root-Mean-Square Armature Current (A): 0.719412
Armature Thermal Load (A^2/mm^3): 65.9484
Specific Electric Loading (A/mm): 10.3964
Armature Current Density (A/mm^2): 6.34338
Frictional and Windage Loss (W): 4.70456
Iron-Core Loss (W): 15.1538
Armature Copper Loss (W): 5.54288
Transistor Loss (W): 0
Diode Loss (W): 0
Total Loss (W): 25.4012
Output Power (W): 60.0558
Input Power (W): 85.457
Efficiency (%): 70.276
Rated Speed (rpm): 2688.32
Rated Torque (N.m): 0.213327
Locked-Rotor Torque (N.m): 2.99678
Locked-Rotor Current (A): 20.1311
WINDING ARRANGEMENT
The 3-phase, 2-layer winding can be arranged in 3 slots as below:
ABC
Angle per slot (elec. degrees): 120
Phase-A axis (elec. degrees): 60
First slot center (elec. degrees): 0
TRANSIENT FEA INPUT DATA
For Armature Winding:
Number of Turns: 908
Parallel Branches: 4
Terminal Resistance (ohm): 3.56992
End Leakage Inductance (H): 2.83884e-005
2D Equivalent Value:
Equivalent Model Depth (mm): 28
Equivalent Stator Stacking Factor: 0.95
Equivalent Rotor Stacking Factor: 0.95
Equivalent Br (Tesla): 1.23
Equivalent Hc (kA/m): 890
Estimated Rotor Moment of Inertia (kg m^2): 1.51651e-005
这就是个错误转速就一半多一点磁密高低不均匀 供参考，
线圈匝数减小近1半，线径加大近3个线号，计算下试试，如果方向是对的，你可以反复多次调整直到达到你自己满意的效果;
空载转速低于负载转速不正常，提高转速可以减叠片或减线圈匝数。 没注意楼主的是实际电机与模拟不符，还以为楼主要调整设计呢，以下供参考。
可以从以下几个方面着手,以下是你设定的参数
Type of Load: Constant Power
改为Liner,便于查看整体曲线及电流,效率等，易于调整
Operating Temperature (C): 75
操作温度，你实际电机一般不会在这个温度去进行测试，应该是室温，你可以改为25试试
Frictional Loss (W): 7
损失你的设定都11.7%，是否合理，也可以再考虑
二极管压降
没看到该参数，你是设定成0.3还是0.7
三极管压降
没看到该参数，你是设定成0.3还是0.2
48V是电你实际产品的电源电压还是加到线圈后的电压，这个对转速也是有影响的
另外，RM没那么准确，为了快速计算的，结果参考下，要想计算的相对准确，最好还是用2D来算。 mfkfnaps 发表于 2017-8-10 08:58
供参考，
线圈匝数减小近1半，线径加大近3个线号，计算下试试，如果方向是对的，你可以反复多次调整直到达 ...
这是已经有产品的电机，采用0.19的线径，227匝，输出的额定数据为48V 、60W、8P、12槽、4000RPM 、0.145NM、1.6A、反电动势系数6.35Vrms/kRPM、电阻1.8Ω、电感1.9mH，我就是想仿真验证下，单输出结果跟额定数据相差很远，想找下问题原因。 mfkfnaps 发表于 2017-8-10 09:32
没注意楼主的是实际电机与模拟不符，还以为楼主要调整设计呢，以下供参考。
可以从以下几个方面着手,以下 ...
二极管和三极管我都没有设置，设置后也基本不变，温度也改到25℃了，至于7W损耗我这里有数据的，可见附件图片。为什么转速这么低呢，铜耗这么多，效率这么低，没找到原因，还有没有其他原因导致。下面是更改后的数据报告。
BRUSHLESS PERMANENT MAGNET DC MOTOR DESIGN
File: Setup1.res
GENERAL DATA
Rated Output Power (kW): 0.06
Rated Voltage (V): 48
Number of Poles: 8
Given Rated Speed (rpm): 4000
Frictional Loss (W): 6
Windage Loss (W): 0
Rotor Position: Inner
Type of Load: Constant Power
Type of Circuit: L3
Lead Angle of Trigger in Elec. Degrees: 0
Trigger Pulse Width in Elec. Degrees: 120
One-Transistor Voltage Drop (V): 0.7
One-Diode Voltage Drop (V): 0.3
Operating Temperature (C): 75
Maximum Current for CCC (A): 0
Minimum Current for CCC (A): 0
STATOR DATA
Number of Stator Slots: 12
Outer Diameter of Stator (mm): 56
Inner Diameter of Stator (mm): 30
Type of Stator Slot: 3
Stator Slot
hs0 (mm): 1
hs1 (mm): 2.15
hs2 (mm): 6.4
bs0 (mm): 2.52
bs1 (mm): 6.22
bs2 (mm): 9.72
rs (mm): 0.65
Top Tooth Width (mm): 3.35963
Bottom Tooth Width (mm): 3.29177
Skew Width (Number of Slots) 0
Length of Stator Core (mm): 28
Stacking Factor of Stator Core: 0.95
Type of Steel: D23_50
Designed Wedge Thickness (mm): 2.15
Slot Insulation Thickness (mm): 0
Layer Insulation Thickness (mm): 0
End Length Adjustment (mm): 0
Number of Parallel Branches: 4
Number of Conductors per Slot: 454
Type of Coils: 21
Average Coil Pitch: 1
Number of Wires per Conductor: 1
Wire Diameter (mm): 0.19
Wire Wrap Thickness (mm): 0.04
Slot Area (mm^2): 69.0602
Net Slot Area (mm^2): 57.1447
Limited Slot Fill Factor (%): 75
Stator Slot Fill Factor (%): 42.0277
Coil Half-Turn Length (mm): 41.0961
ROTOR DATA
Minimum Air Gap (mm): 0.5
Inner Diameter (mm): 8
Length of Rotor (mm): 28
Stacking Factor of Iron Core: 0.95
Type of Steel: D23_50
Polar Arc Radius (mm): 14.5
Mechanical Pole Embrace: 0.9
Electrical Pole Embrace: 0.856917
Max. Thickness of Magnet (mm): 2.75
Width of Magnet (mm): 9.27752
Type of Magnet: NdFe35
Type of Rotor: 1
Magnetic Shaft: No
PERMANENT MAGNET DATA
Residual Flux Density (Tesla): 1.23
Coercive Force (kA/m): 890
Maximum Energy Density (kJ/m^3): 273.675
Relative Recoil Permeability: 1.09981
Demagnetized Flux Density (Tesla): 0.887441
Recoil Residual Flux Density (Tesla): 1.23
Recoil Coercive Force (kA/m): 890
MATERIAL CONSUMPTION
Armature Copper Density (kg/m^3): 8900
Permanent Magnet Density (kg/m^3): 7400
Armature Core Steel Density (kg/m^3): 7820
Rotor Core Steel Density (kg/m^3): 7820
Armature Copper Weight (kg): 0.0564969
Permanent Magnet Weight (kg): 0.0422906
Armature Core Steel Weight (kg): 0.192916
Rotor Core Steel Weight (kg): 0.0797665
Total Net Weight (kg): 0.37147
Armature Core Steel Consumption (kg): 0.609362
Rotor Core Steel Consumption (kg): 0.114728
STEADY STATE PARAMETERS
Stator Winding Factor: 0.866025
D-Axis Reactive Inductance Lad (H): 0.000636432
Q-Axis Reactive Inductance Laq (H): 0.000636432
D-Axis Inductance L1+Lad(H): 0.00288636
Q-Axis Inductance L1+Laq(H): 0.00288636
Armature Leakage Inductance L1 (H): 0.00224993
Zero-Sequence Inductance L0 (H): 0.000258732
Armature Phase Resistance R1 (ohm): 3.56992
Armature Phase Resistance at 20C (ohm): 2.93655
D-Axis Time Constant (s): 0.000178276
Q-Axis Time Constant (s): 0.000178276
Ideal Back-EMF Constant KE (Vs/rad): 0.151133
Start Torque Constant KT (Nm/A): 0.149669
Rated Torque Constant KT (Nm/A): 0.130675
NO-LOAD MAGNETIC DATA
Stator-Teeth Flux Density (Tesla): 2.01548
Stator-Yoke Flux Density (Tesla): 1.42623
Rotor-Yoke Flux Density (Tesla): 0.555156
Air-Gap Flux Density (Tesla): 0.781827
Magnet Flux Density (Tesla): 0.925428
Stator-Teeth By-Pass Factor: 0.036558
Stator-Yoke By-Pass Factor: 6.87595e-005
Rotor-Yoke By-Pass Factor: 2.0285e-005
Stator-Teeth Ampere Turns (A.T): 204.274
Stator-Yoke Ampere Turns (A.T): 5.14705
Rotor-Yoke Ampere Turns (A.T): 0.413689
Air-Gap Ampere Turns (A.T): 396.433
Magnet Ampere Turns (A.T): -606.049
Armature Reactive Ampere Turns
at Start Operation (A.T): 141.853
Leakage-Flux Factor: 1
Correction Factor for Magnetic
Circuit Length of Stator Yoke: 0.350499
Correction Factor for Magnetic
Circuit Length of Rotor Yoke: 0.785806
No-Load Speed (rpm): 2967.5
Cogging Torque (N.m): 0.213669
FULL-LOAD DATA
Average Input Current (A): 1.79913
Root-Mean-Square Armature Current (A): 0.735257
Armature Thermal Load (A^2/mm^3): 68.8854
Specific Electric Loading (A/mm): 10.6254
Armature Current Density (A/mm^2): 6.48309
Frictional and Windage Loss (W): 3.89524
Iron-Core Loss (W): 14.4868
Armature Copper Loss (W): 5.78973
Transistor Loss (W): 2.13247
Diode Loss (W): 0.0156924
Total Loss (W): 26.3199
Output Power (W): 60.0381
Input Power (W): 86.358
Efficiency (%): 69.5223
Rated Speed (rpm): 2596.83
Rated Torque (N.m): 0.220778
Locked-Rotor Torque (N.m): 2.91145
Locked-Rotor Current (A): 19.5482
WINDING ARRANGEMENT
The 3-phase, 2-layer winding can be arranged in 3 slots as below:
ABC
Angle per slot (elec. degrees): 120
Phase-A axis (elec. degrees): 60
First slot center (elec. degrees): 0
TRANSIENT FEA INPUT DATA
For Armature Winding:
Number of Turns: 908
Parallel Branches: 4
Terminal Resistance (ohm): 3.56992
End Leakage Inductance (H): 2.83884e-005
2D Equivalent Value:
Equivalent Model Depth (mm): 28
Equivalent Stator Stacking Factor: 0.95
Equivalent Rotor Stacking Factor: 0.95
Equivalent Br (Tesla): 1.23
Equivalent Hc (kA/m): 890
Estimated Rotor Moment of Inertia (kg m^2): 1.51651e-005
云台电机？？ lishiyou1990 发表于 2017-8-10 19:52
云台电机？？
不是，云台电机是什么？ 本帖最后由 zy1986 于 2017-8-11 19:22 编辑
很多原因会导致出现这样的结果，尺寸对不对？材料对不对？ 你的定子齿磁密都有2t了。损耗大头在铁损，铜损基本上还算正常。 zy1986 发表于 2017-8-11 19:00
很多原因会导致出现这样的结果，尺寸对不对？材料对不对？ 你的定子齿磁密都有2t了。损耗大头在铁损 ...
额定转速才2500多也是这个原因吗？ 应该从磁场入手吧~~~~齿磁密太高了，把齿改宽一些吧
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